Treatment Methods (處理方法)
| Gemstone | Treatment Techniques 處裡技術 | Description 描述 |
| Diamond 鑽石 | Coating and Filling 塗層和填充 | Enhances clarity by filling fissures with high-refractive glass or laser drilling to reduce visibility of inclusions. 透過用高折射率玻璃填充裂縫或雷射鑽孔來降低內含物的可見度，從而提高清晰度。 |
| Irradiation & HPHT 輻照和高溫高壓 | Alters color, producing attractive hues (e.g., pink) or improving clarity (e.g., colorless). 改變顏色，產生有吸引力的色調（例如粉紅色）或提高清晰度（例如無色）。 | |
| Ruby 紅寶石 | Filling (Fissure) 填充（裂隙） | Often filled with oil or lead glass to enhance appearance. 通常填充油或鉛玻璃以增強外觀。 |
| Heating 加熱 | Commonly conducted at 800°C to 1800°C to improve color and clarity. 通常在 800°C 至 1800°C 下進行，以改善色彩和清晰度。 | |
| Sapphire 藍寶石 | Filling & Diffusion (Lead) 填充和擴散（鉛） | Often filled with oil or lead glass to enhance appearance. using fillers, such as oil, wax, and resins, to enhance clarity by reducing the visibility of fissures. 通常填充油或鉛玻璃以增強外觀。使用填充物（例如油、蠟和樹脂）來減少裂縫的可見度，從而提高清晰度。 |
| Heating 加熱 | Most common method to enhance color, conducted at temperatures up to 1100°C. 增強顏色最常見的方法，在高達 1100°C 的溫度下進行。 | |
| Emerald 祖母綠 | Filling (Fissure) 填充（裂隙） | Using fillers, such as oil, wax, and resins, to enhance clarity by reducing the visibility of fissures. 使用填充物（例如油、蠟和樹脂）來減少裂縫的可見度，從而增強清晰度。 |
| Opal 蛋白石 | Dyeing 染色 | Enhances body color and contrast of play-of-color effects, includes sugar and sulfuric acid solutions for darkening body tone. 增強體色和色彩效果的對比度，包括用於加深體色的糖和硫酸溶液。 |
Synthetic Gemstones (合成寶石)
Synthetic gemstones mimic the physical and chemical properties of natural gems but are created through artificial processes. 模仿天然寶石的物理和化學特性，但透過人工過程創造。
- Creating an creating an environment which is similar to their actual formation environment (Flux melt growth)
- Flux melting agent (such as lead or tungsten) melts solid basic materials (oxides)
- Crystallization: Upon cooling, oversaturation occurs, leading to:
- Crystallization on a seed crystal
- Spontaneous nucleation under varying temperatures and pressures
- 創造一個與其實際形成環境（助焊劑熔化生長）相似的環境
- 熔劑熔化劑（例如鉛或鎢）熔化固體鹼性材料（氧化物）
- 結晶：冷卻後，會出現過飽和現象，導致：
- 晶種結晶
- 不同溫度和壓力下的自發成核
| Gemstone | Synthesis Techniques 合成技術 | Description 描述 |
| Diamond 鑽石 | HPHT & CVD 高溫高壓和化學氣箱沉積 | HPHT( high-pressure, high-temperature): use a press to recreate the conditions at which diamonds grow in nature. HPHT（高壓、高溫）：使用壓力機重現鑽石在自然界中生長的條件。 CVD (Chemical Vapour Deposition): to artificially grow diamonds in a vacuum chamber under low pressure, using a plasma. CVD（化學氣相沉積）：利用等離子體在低壓真空室中人工培育鑽石。 |
| Ruby 紅寶石 | Verneuil Method 維爾納氏法 | Old flame fusion method, exhibited strong curved banding and large air bubbles, suggesting they were likely produced in an earlier synthetic process. The inclusion features of some flux-grown stones may resemble those of natural rubies. 舊火焰熔融法，顯示出強烈的彎曲條帶和大氣泡，表明它們可能是在早期的合成過程中產生的。一些助熔劑生長寶石的內含物特徵可能與天然紅寶石相似. |
| Sapphire 藍寶石 | Flame Fusion & Flux-Melt Growth 火焰熔融和熔劑熔融生長 | Similar as Ruby 類似 紅寶石 |
| Emerald 祖母綠 | Flux-Melt Growth & Hydrothermal Processes 熔劑熔體生長和熱液過程 | Mimics natural emerald , using a pressure cooker principle to crystallise emeralds on a seed crystal at 400-600°C and 3000 atm. 模仿天然祖母綠，利用高壓鍋原理在 400-600°C 和 3000 大氣壓下在種子晶體上結晶祖母綠。 |
| Opal 蛋白石 | Silica Gel Deposition 矽膠沉積法 | Through the deposition of a silica gel in a beaker glass, and tend to have a very columnar pattern Results in distinct patterns; includes doublets and triplets for durability and appearance. 透過在燒杯玻璃中沉積矽膠，並且往往具有非常柱狀的圖案 產生不同的模式；包括雙層和三層，以提高耐用性和美觀性。 |
