Mineral 礦物
About Mineral
- Major components of rocks 主要成分
- as building blocks of our Earth crust 地殼的組成部分
- act as an important natural resources like ore minerals or gemstones 重要的自然資源，如礦石或寶石
Mineral formula 礦物配方
Naturally Occurring 天然存在 +
Solid substance 固體物質 +
crystalline structure 晶體結構 +
inorganic 無機 +
have Chemical Formula 有化學式
= Mineral 礦物
Gemstone 寶石
About Gemstone
- Three important factors building on what is a gemstone 構成寶石的三個重要因素
- Beauty 美麗
- Rarity 稀有度
- Durability 耐用性
- Inorganic crystalline substances created through special geological processes. 透過特殊地質過程形成的無機晶體物質
- Some other gemstone have organic origin like Pearl and Coral.一些其他寶石具有有機起源，如珍珠和珊瑚
Formation of a new mineral 新礦物的形成
- A tiny early crystal acts as a seed for further growth 微小的早期晶體可作為進一步生長的種子
–> Atoms migrate to the seed and attach to the outer face 原子遷移到種子並附著在外表面上
- Unique shape reflects the crystal’s internal atomic order 獨特的形狀反映了晶體內部的原子順序
- Mineral growth is often restricted by lack of space. 礦物生長常常因空間不足而受到限制
- Anhedral — grown in tight space, no nice shape shown 它形晶－在狹小空間中生長，沒有呈現美觀的形狀
- Euhedral — grown in an open cavity, good crystal shape. 自形晶 — 在開放式腔體中生長，晶體形狀良好
Basic Mineral and Gemstone Properties (基本礦物和寶石特性)
Colour 顏色
- The part of the visible light that is not absorbed by a mineral 可見光中未被礦物吸收的部分
- Some mineral have a broad color range and color varieties reflect trace impurities 有些礦物的顏色範圍很廣，顏色變化反映了微量雜質
Hardness 硬度
- According to Mohs Hardness Scale 根據莫氏硬度表 (1-10)
- Diamond 鑽石 (10) is the hardest 最硬 , finger nail 指甲 (2.5)
Crystal Shape 晶體形狀
- Different kind of crystal growth habits and shape 不同種類的晶體生長習性與形狀
- According to their chemical structure 根據其化學結構
- As Single mineral growth or as mineral aggregates 單一礦物生長或礦物集合體
Cleavage 解理
- Plane of weak bond which apply force along it will break the minera弱鍵平面施加力會破壞礦物l
- Not all mineral have it (eg Quartz X ) 並非所有礦物都含有它(例如石英 X）
- Flat, shiny, smooth surfaces 平坦、有光澤、光滑的表面
