Property Table of Gemstones (寶石屬性表)

Property Diamond (鑽石)Ruby (紅寶石)Sapphire (藍寶石)Emerald (祖母綠)Opal (蛋白石)
Chemical Formula
化學式
C (Carbon, 碳)Al₂O₃ (Corundum, 剛玉)Al₂O₃ (Corundum, 剛玉)Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆ (Beryl, 綠柱石)SiO₂·nH₂O (Hydrated Silica 水合二氧化矽)
Hardness (Mohs)
硬度(摩氏)
10997.5–85.5–6.5
Specific Gravity
比重
3.5-3.53 g/cm3

3.99-4.05 g/cm33.95-4.03 g/cm32.65-2.75 g/cm3
2-2.5g/cm3
Crystal System
水晶系統
Cubic 立方體Trigonal 三方晶系Trigonal 三方晶系Hexagonal 六邊形Amorphous 非晶態
Color Range
色彩範圍
Colorless, yellowish brown, black, Pink, etc.Red, (Fluorescence : Strong red)
Blue, Pink, Yellow, etc.GreenPlay-of-color (All hues)遊彩(所有色調)
Cleavage 解理perfect in 4 directions forming octahedrons. 在四個方向上完美形成八面體/No but rhombic parting might be present 沒有,但可能存在菱形分縫Poor, one set of basal cleavage 較差,一組基底解理/
Pleochroism 多色性Non-pleochroic
非多色性
strong purplish red and orangey red 紫紅色和橙紅色
strong, blue to green / pink to purple 強烈,從藍色到綠色/從粉紅色到紫色
strong, green to bluish-green
強烈,從綠至藍綠色
Colourless, yellow or red (due to Fe hydrates) 無色、黃色或紅色(由於 Fe 水合物)
Special Features
特殊功能
High dispersion (“fire”)
分散率
Fluorescence (UV)
螢光(紫外線)
Asterism (star effect)
星群(星光效應)
Inclusions (“jardin”)
內含物(“花園”)
Play-of-color (opalescence)
變彩(乳光)

3D Chemical Structure Model of Diamond, Corundum and Beryl (鑽石、剛玉和綠柱石的三維化學結構模型)

Source:Mindat.org
Source:Mindat.org
Source:Mindat.org